RESUMO
The protective effect of bacteriophage suspensions (Ds3CZ + Ds20CZ and PcCB7V + PcCB251) on phytopathogenic bacteria causing soft rot of potato tubers, namely Dickeya dianthicola (D50, D200) and Pectobacterium carotovorum (P87, P224), was observed in ex vivo and in vitro experiments. Ex vivo tests were performed (with air access) on potato slices, on cylindrical cuts from the center of the tubers, and directly in whole potato tubers. In vitro experiments were carried out in a liquid medium using RTS-8 bioreactors, where bacterial growth was monitored as optical density. In particular, the inhibitory effects of phages were confirmed in experiments on potato slices, where suppression of rot development was evident at first glance. Phage treatment against selected bacteria positively affected potato hardness. Hardness of samples treated with bacteria only was statistically significantly reduced (p < 0.05 for D50 and p < 0.001 for D200 and P87). Ex vivo experiments confirmed significant inhibition of P87 symptom development, partial inhibition of D200 and D50 in phage-treated tubers, and no effect was observed for P224. The inhibitory effect of phages against bacteria was not observed in the in vitro experiment.
RESUMO
The desorption isotherms of two durable meat products (sample 1 - durable fermented meat product and sample 2 - unheated durable meat product) by Dynamic Dewpoint Isotherm (DDI) at 20, 25, and 30 °C and Saturated Salt Slurry (SSS) method at 20 °C has been studied. The data acquired from these measurements for 7 models (GAB, DLP, Henderson, Chin, Smith, Oswin, Halsey) were used and statistically evaluated. Based on our collected data, the most suitable model for these types of durable meat products is the DLP model. For the DDI method, DLP model (20-30 °C) reached the R2 = 0.999, P value 3.48-4.22 of sample 1 and R2 = 0.999, P value 1.51-3.24 of sample 2. For SSS method DLP model (20 °C) reached R2 = 0.999, P value 4.23 of sample 1 and R2 = 0.998, P value 3.68 of sample 2. The most commonly used GAB model according to statistical treatment was very accurate only for the DDI method, GAB model (20-30 °C) reached R2 ≥ 0.994, P value 1.93-7.12 of sample 1 and R2 = 0.999, P value 1.76-5.54 of sample 2. In general, for DDI method for both samples have models (DLP, GAB, Halsey, Henderson, and Oswin) a P value of less than 10% for all three measured temperatures. For the SSS method, only the DLP and Henderson models are below 10% for both samples. It has been verified that the DDI method is a suitable and accurate method for measuring desorption isotherms for durable meat products.
RESUMO
This study aims to compare two broiler pre-slaughter chain methods: (i) the automatic pre-slaughter chain (APC) and (ii) manual pre-slaughter chain (MPC). The comparison is based on the evaluation of the trailer microclimate, number of injuries, and breast muscle (m. pectoralis major) quality. Transportation lasts 3.5 h, unloading 1 h. The selection of two hundred 39-day-old broilers (Ross 308 and Cobb 500 breeds) is random for each type of method. After slaughter, the pH value, electrical conductivity (EC), and color (lightness) of breast muscle tissues are determined at different post-mortem intervals. The MPC negatively affects the microclimate (p < 0.001), meat qualitative characteristics (p < 0.001), and places a greater strain on the body of chickens compared with APC. The average pH15min value of MPC broiler breast muscle tissue, generally used as the main meat quality parameter, is 5.97 ± 0.12, in contrast to 6.36 ± 0.16 for APC. Higher pH15min value of APC indicates better welfare and pre-slaughter handling. Values of EC and L* of breast tissues also confirms a difference between the methods of broiler handling (p < 0.001). No difference is found between the breed lines (p > 0.05).
